富血小板血浆在妇科疾病治疗中应用及其研究现状

富血小板血浆(PRP)是人自体全血经离心后获得的血小板浓缩物,含有大量生长因子及蛋白质。PRP因其有助于组织再生、伤口愈合、瘢痕修复等作用,在骨科、皮肤科、口腔颌面外科、整形美容科等领域应用广泛,而在妇科领域应用迄今相对较少。最新研究结果显示,PRP具有促进子宫内膜和卵泡生长作用,在治疗薄型子宫内膜(TE)、改善子宫内膜容受性(ER)、恢复卵巢功能等方面取得较大进展,并为多种妇科疾病治疗提供新的研究方向和手段。笔者拟就PRP的制备及分类、在妇科疾病治疗中的应用及其前景展望等最新研究现状进行阐述。     

Indwelling catheter increases the risk of urinary tract infection in total knee arthroplasty: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background:The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess whether a urinary catheter is necessary for all patients in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods:PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). All RCTs were compared with receive either an indwelling urinary catheter or no urinary catheter in TKA. Primary outcomes were urinary retention and urinary tract infection. Secondary outcomes were the length of stay, duration of the surgery, and the first urination time.Results:A total of 6 RCTs involving 1334 patients were included in the meta-analysis. No significant difference between the 2 groups was found in urinary retention (P = .52), length of stay (P = .38), duration of the surgery (P = .55). However, patients with an indwelling catheter were associated with a higher risk of urinary tract infections and longer time for the first urination than patients without indwelling catheters (P = .009 and P = .004).Conclusion:The available evidence indicates that patients without using the indwelling catheters could reduce urinary tract infections and the time for the first urination, without increase in the incidence of urinary retention in primary TKA.Level of Evidence:Level I, therapeutic study.     

Bilateral associations between sleep duration and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Depression is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders and the leading cause of disability among adolescents, with sleep duration as its vital influential factor. Adolescents might be mentally sensitive to the stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the alteration of adolescents' sleep duration, depression, and their associations within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic have not been well documented. We conducted a longitudinal study, recruiting 2496 adolescents from 3 junior high schools to examine the alteration of their sleep duration and depressive symptoms before and during the pandemic, and to explore their potential association(s). Data were collected before (December 2019) and during the pandemic (July 2020). Paired samples t-test revealed a significant decrease in sleep duration and a significant increase in depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher grades, COVID-19 infection history, higher CES-DC score, and the COVID-19 pandemic itself might contribute to decreased sleep duration, while longer exercise duration during the pandemic might be a protective factor. According to the cross-lagged analysis, the existence of depressive symptoms before the pandemic was significantly associated with a shorter sleep duration during the pandemic (β = −0.106, p < 0.001). Previously shortened sleep duration was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of depressive symptoms during the pandemic (β = −0.082, p < 0.001). Our findings revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic has a negative influence on adolescents’ mental health and sleep. Mental preparedness should be highlighted to mitigate the psychosocial influences of any possible public emergencies in the future. Sleep duration represents a viable home-based intervention for depressive symptoms.     

全身麻醉对剖宫产产妇与新生儿医疗结局影响的研究进展

目前椎管内麻醉仍是推荐的剖宫产首选麻醉方式,但随着气道管理设备的不断改良以及新型麻醉药物的广泛应用,全身麻醉在剖宫产中的安全性已大幅提高。但是全身麻醉会延长产妇的住院时间、增加ICU入住率及深静脉血栓等并发症发生率,对新生儿也会产生一定的负面影响。为进一步了解全身麻醉在剖宫产中的应用,现就全身麻醉对剖宫产产妇与新生儿医疗结局的影响进行如下综述。     

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??OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety of medication of vitamin B6. METHODS Clinical studies involving vitamin B6 were searched from PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library(2014,06) , LILACS and four Chinese databases, CBM,CNKI,VIP and WANFANG. National drug administration websites were also been searched. Two authors independently extracted and evaluated the included studies.Causality assessment of an adverse drug event was performed with the WHO-UMC system. RESULTS A total of 2 582 literatures were searched and 27 were included involving 805 patients. Randomized controlled trials concluded that there was no significant difference between oral use of vitamin B6 and comparison group in the incidence of adverse event. Cohort studies concluded that there was no dose-response relationship between oral vitamin B6 30-230 mg and adverse drug reaction.Case series studies, case reports and websites information concluded that the most common adverse reactions of vitamin B6 were numbness and other peripheral neuropathy.CONCLUSION Serious adverse drug reactions may occur irrespective of oral and intravenous use of vitamin B6, such as drug-induced liver damage and allergic shock. Common adverse reactions such as peripheral neuropathy needed to be closely monitored especially when overdose used.     

指南临床适用性评价实证研究:以糖尿病指南临床适用性评价为例

目的通过实证研究评价《中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2017版)》的适用性,并建立数据分析和结果报告模型,为指南临床适用性评价和更新提供参考依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,分别从已开展糖尿病相关诊治工作的医疗机构,每家抽取老年科、内分泌科、肾脏科或相关科室医生各6~8人。通过现场填写纸质版问卷,或通过电子问卷对未到现场者进行调查。对调查对象的基本特征、各维度评分、指南获取途径和影响实施因素进行描述性分析。采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验和Nemenyi检验进行多组比较和两两比较。采用多重线性回归方法并结合逐步回归筛选出各评分的影响因素。结果本次调查共收集问卷725份,有效问卷722份,有效回收率99.6%。评分结果显示,可获得性评分最低,可接受性评分最高。多组比较和多重线性回归分析结果显示,对指南熟悉程度是各评分的影响因素(P<0.05)。指南获取途径主要包括:学术会议(52.1%)、微信(45.4%)、生物医学文献数据库(43.5%)。调查对象中有139人认为该指南存在实施障碍(19.3%),其中认为实施障碍为医务人员因素、患者因素和环境因素的分别有136人(18.8%)、134人(18.5%)和133人(18.4%)。结论本研究建立了指南适用性评价的数据分析和结果报告模型,能为指南的制/修订提供数据支持。     

MRI对胎儿先天性膈疝的诊断价值

目的探讨MRI在胎儿先天性膈疝(CDH)诊断及预后评估中的应用价值。 方法选择2014年12月至2018年3月,于四川大学华西第二医院进行胎儿MRI检查后,被诊断为CDH的15例胎儿为研究对象,纳入病例组。选取同期于本院进行MRI检查,排除其他疾病,并且与病例组胎儿胎龄相匹配的15例正常胎儿作为对照,纳入对照组。比较2组胎儿MRI检查项目,如左肺体积(LLV)、右肺体积(RLV)及肺总体积(TLV),并且观察病例组胎儿疝口位置、疝内容物、有无肝脏疝入及其疝入体积。对病例组胎儿进行随访,记录其出生后手术治疗及预后情况。计算每例CDH胎儿的实测肺总体积与预期肺总体积比值[TLV(o/e)]。2组胎儿LLV、RLV及TLV比较,采用Mann-Whitney U检验。本研究遵循的程序符合四川大学华西第二医院人体试验委员会制定的标准,经过该伦理委员会批准(批准文号：2014伦理审批第41号)。病例组与对照组胎儿母亲年龄、接受MRI检查时的胎龄分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结果① 2组胎儿LLV、RLV及TLV比较：病例组胎儿LLV、RLV及TLV分别为1.1 cm³(0.6～4.3 cm³)、15.0 cm³(9.5～24.3 cm³)、16.5 cm³(10.6～28.6 cm³),均显著小于对照组胎儿的21.7 cm³(11.7～32.8 cm³)、29.1 cm³(11.7～32.8 cm³)、58.6 cm³(30.4～86.0 cm³),2组分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(Z＝7.521、6.536、22.734,P<0.001)。②病例组15例CDH胎儿的MRI影像学表现为：左侧膈肌存在不同程度缺损,腹腔脏器(肝、脾、肾、胃、小肠、直肠等)通过缺损膈肌疝入胸腔,左肺受压,纵隔右移,部分胎儿右肺受压。其中,6例伴有肝脏疝入,5例伴有脾疝入,1例伴有左肾疝入。6例伴有肝脏疝入的CDH胎儿中,1例存活,肝脏疝入体积为5.1 cm³;2例引产终止妊娠,肝脏疝入体积分别为15.1、14.1 cm³;3例出生后死亡,肝脏疝入体积分别为9.0、15.2、47.1 cm³。③病例组胎儿结局：15例CDH胎儿中,5例引产终止妊娠,其TLV(o/e)为0.17～0.33;剖宫产术分娩者为10例,其中新生儿存活为6例,其TLV(o/e)为0.18～0.55,出生后死亡为4例,其TLV(o/e)为0.17～0.27。④经剖宫产术分娩的10例胎儿中,8例于生后接受外科手术治疗,6例为开腹手术,2例为胸腔镜手术,术中可见疝口位置,均与MRI诊断一致,而术中所见疝内容物,则与MRI诊断不完全一致。 结论MRI检查可明确CDH胎儿的疝口位置及疝内容物,测量胎肺及肝脏疝入体积,对胎儿健侧肺发育不良及预后评估具有重要价值。     

儿童肝母细胞瘤疗效及预后分析

目的探讨儿童肝母细胞瘤(HB)患儿的临床特征、疗效、生存情况、预后相关危险因素及其临床诊治。 方法选择2010年1月至2017年9月,于四川大学华西第二医院儿童血液肿瘤科收治的23例新发HB患儿为研究对象。采用回顾性分析方法,收集其临床病例资料,包括患儿确诊时年龄、性别、首发临床表现、组织病理学类型、治疗前病变范围(PRETEXT)分期、术后儿童肿瘤协作组(COG)分期等临床资料,以及治疗方案、疗效、预后、化疗相关不良反应等。对本组HB患儿的生存分析,如2年总体生存(OS)率、无事件生存(EFS)率,采用Kaplan-Meier法,不同临床特征患儿的生存曲线比较采用log-rank检验。HB患儿接受不同化疗方案治疗的不良反应率比较,采用Fisher确切概率法。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。 结果①本组23例HB患儿确诊时的中位年龄为25.9个月(2.3～155.0个月);男性患儿为12例,女性为11例;腹部肿块为最常见首发临床表现(56.5%,13/23)。其完全缓解(CR)率为65.2%(15/23),部分缓解(PR)率为8.7%(2/23),死亡为5例(21.7%)。②对23例患儿的中位随访时间为21.5个月(7.5～81.4个月),其2年EFS率、OS率分别为60.1%和75.0%。HB患儿预后影响因素的单因素分析结果显示,HB累及血管患儿的2年EFS率为38.9%,显著低于未累及者的81.8%,二者比较,差异有统计学意义(χ²＝4.293,P＝0.038)。HB患儿PRETEXT分期为Ⅳ期者,其2年EFS率为33.3%,显著低于PRETEXT分期为Ⅰ～Ⅲ期者的70.6%,二者比较,差异有统计学意义(χ²＝5.258,P＝0.022)。肺转移HB患儿的2年EFS率、OS率分别为20.0%、30.0%,均显著低于无肺转移者的71.4%、85.7%,二者分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ²＝5.491,P＝0.015;χ²＝7.773,P＝0.005)。手术后接受3个疗程化疗,血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)值未恢复正常患儿的2年EFS率、OS率分别为27.2%、37.7%,显著低于手术后接受≤3个疗程化疗即恢复正常者的91.7%、100.0%,二者比较,差异亦均有统计学意义(χ²＝9.837,P＝0.002;χ²＝8.682,P＝0.003)。③严重血液学毒性反应为本组HB患儿最常见化疗相关不良反应,尤其是采取包含多柔比星的联合化疗方案者更严重。本组术后接受化疗的22例HB患儿中,接受联合化疗方案包含多柔比星的14例患儿的3级以上血液学毒性反应、轻度转氨酶升高发生率分别为100.0%(14/14)、64.3%(9/14),显著高于未包含多柔比星患儿的37.8%(3/8)、0(0/8),二者分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＝0.002,P＝0.006)。 结论本组儿童HB的临床特征、组织病理学类型与国内外相关临床报道结果基本一致。HB患儿肺转移及手术后接受3个疗程化疗,血清AFP值未恢复正常水平,与该病的不良预后密切相关。